Any person borrowing money (a loan) is referred to as the 'debtor' and the person lending the money is called the 'creditor'; the borrower must abide by the payment terms by signing an agreement before the funds will be released. Whilst just about anything, product or service can be lent out; the information below focuses on financial arrangements only. The lender will expect full repayment of the amount borrowed within the time frame arranged when the money was lent; when payments are made can vary, but they are normally at the same time each month.
Generally speaking when debts are provided by family members, no charge for this service is made but usually the person providing the money needs to be compensated and this is done by adding an interest charge to the amount owed. Some companies add the interest onto the repayments but make sure this is the first part to be paid so a number of monthly payments might be required before the capital repayment actually starts to be paid. More frequently the amount is repaid in equal installments, a portion of which is the interest.
The primary use of a financial institution is to arrange finance but they do have many more functions. Credit and bank loans are a quick and easy way for anyone to increase their cash flow with only minimal effort; this is the simplest and most reliable means to raise finance.
Arranging a mortgage, whilst a little more complicated, is in essence the same but the use for which it is required is not flexible and the money can never be used for anything other than buying a house or land. Debts of this nature are of course much larger than the standard and the lending company requires some security from the borrower; the standard method is by retention of the title to the property until the debt is paid back in full. Defaulting on a loan like this could mean that the bank or other lender could repossess the house and then re-sell it; although selling the property is one option, keeping it as an investment is another. A construction loan is nothing more then a regular mortgage loan with a 12 month construction period added at the beginning of the mortgage period.
Even small loans can be secured but this generally only happens when a person has a poor credit history which could be the case of a person buying a car; in this instance, the car becomes it's own security for the debt. Whilst secured loans can last a considerable time, this is usually as long as it remains possible for the finance company to reclaim costs should they need to sell the item; usually lasting no more than 5 years, maximum
Financial companies organize unsecured loans everyday although many people do not even realize that is what they are being provided with; this can include the credit card, personal arrangements, bank overdrafts and other forms of credit. Although it is difficult to provide any interest rates as they will differ greatly from one bank to the next, if you want to lose the highest interest rate unsecured debt you have: cut up those store cards.
Abuse in the granting of money is known as predatory lending; it usually involves providing cash in order to put the borrower in a position where one can gain advantage over them. This is an area where credit card companies in some countries are also criticized as they supply cards at very high rates of interest and add on other spurious charges to the holder. Take a step back before you sign any financial agreement.
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