Before addressing acne scars and their treatment, it's important to point out that reddish acne marks that resemble scars are not actually scars because no permanent change has happened. In other words they are not real scarring and disappear in time, nonetheless while they are visible they can cause uneasiness.
Lesions known as macules or "pseudo-scars" are flat, red or reddish spots that appear in the final stage of most inflamed acne lesions. After the inflammation of an acne lesion is gone, a macule may remain to "mark the spot" for up to 6 more months. When a macule eventually disappears, no trace of it will remain, unlike a scar.
Post-inflammatory pigmentation is darkening or discoloration of the skin at the site of a healed or healing inflamed acne lesion. The lesion's color varies from light brown to black. Lesions may become darker if exposed to sunlight (UV rays). It occurs more commonly in darker-skinned people, but is occasionally seen in people with white skin. Early treatment with a natural skin care product attenuates the development of post-inflammatory pigmentation and also eliminates older marks. If untreated, post-inflammatory pigmentation can even persist for up to 18 months, especially with exaggerated sunlight exposure.
Acne Scars - How are they formed?
Acne scars appear after inflammation or improper healing of some spots. While scarring for some people seems to depend on hereditary factors or skin color, precautions can be taken to avoid scars along with solutions, which significantly reduce a scarred skin's appearance.
In the simplest terms, scars form at the site of damage and are the evident reminders of wound and tissue repair. In the case of acne, the lesion is originated by the body's inflammatory reaction to sebum, microbes, and dead cells in the plugged sebaceous follicle. Two types of true scars exist:
(1) Depressed areas such as pitted acne scarring or ice-pick scars, and
(2) Raised hardened tissue such as keloids.
When tissue suffers an injury, the body sends in its 'repair kit' to the wound site. The skin activitates all its immune and repair systems, where elements such as leukocytes, inflammatory molecules, and reconstructive elements have the task of healing tissue and controlling infection. However, when their job is done they can leave a somewhat messy repair site in the form of fibrous scar tissue, or deteriorated tissue. It's not always that way.
White blood cells and inflammatory molecules may remain at the site of an active acne lesion for days or even weeks. In people who are susceptible to scarring the result may be an acne scar. The occurrence and incidence of scarring is still not well understood, however. There is considerable variation in scarring between one person and another, meaning that some people are more prone to scarring than others (ex. hereditary factors or skin color). Scarring frequently is a consequence of severe inflammatory nodular cystic acne that occurs deep within the skin.
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